In this research, the possibility of asphaltene separation from the vacuum tower residue using the low cost industrial solvents such as 402, 404, 406, and 410 was investigated. In order to separate asphaltene the IP143/01 and ASTM D 3279-07 separation methods were utilized. In order to find the optimal state of asphaltene precipitation, Design of experiments software with three factors of residence time, the solvent-to-feed ratio and the volume percent of 406 solvent to the total solvent of 406 and 410 were used. The results showed that the effectiveness of each parameter in precipitating the asphaltene attributed to the ratio of solvent to feed, the ratio of solvent 406 to total solvent, and the residence time, respectively and there was a

A series of Ni-Mo/Al2O3-Y hybrid nanocatalysts were synthesized for hydrocracking of heavy oil. The well crystallized Y zeolite was synthesized from mineral bentonite and rice husk ash by a two-step synthesis method. The solution combustion method was applied to develop a fast and simple technique for preparing of alumina-supported NiMo catalyst with high hydrodesulfurization activity. Such activity may be due to the morphological and textural modification as a consequence of the release of a high amount of exhaust gases during the combustion process. The XRD analysis revealed that the P zeolite was a competitive phase presented in the obtained product that could be eliminated using a two-step synthesis method. Compared to a one-step method

A heterogeneous model for a fixed-bed catalytic cracking reactor of a heavy hydrocarbon stream based on a six-lump kinetic model has been developed for analyzing the operating parameters and describing the heat and mass transfer inside the reactor. Various definitions for the heat-transfer coefficient were investigated using the model. A comparison of the internal and external heat transfer of the reactor showed that it is limited by the heat transfer between the reactor wall and the fluid and plays a major role in the overall heat-transfer coefficient. Also, the weight fraction and temperature profiles demonstrate the same behavior for both solid and gas phases and the difference between the profiles was related to film resistance between

A series of Fe2O3(83%)-ZrO2(7.5%)-Al2O3(7%)-CeO2(2.5%) catalysts were synthesized with co-precipitation method in different aging times (0 to 6 hours) using the metal nitrate precursors. Physicochemical properties of the prepared catalysts characterized with X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), EDX, Nitrogen Adsorption-Desorption, Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and H2-Temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR) analyses. The catalytic performance of the synthesized catalysts was also evaluated by the steam catalytic cracking of the Vacuum bottom (VB). The results showed that increasing the aging time improved the textural properties of the catalysts in the oxygen adsorption capacity from steam, as

Alkaline treated ZSM-5 zeolite was used in heavy oil upgrading process under atmospheric oxygen flow. Alkaline treatment was employed to induce mesopores in ZSM-5 catalyst structure to alleviate the mass transfer and reduce diffusion limitations. XRD, BET and XRF analyses were employed to investigate the effect of alkaline treatment. Effect of oxygen atmospheric flow, supplied by air stream, on heavy oil catalytic cracking process was investigated in a fixed bed reactor. Obtained liquids were analyzed by FTIR and GC/SIMDIS. Results revealed that percent of light oil (naphtha+ kerosene) produced was nearly doubled in the presence of 5 wt% oxygen in the feed. Conversion of heavy oil (content with the BPT higher than 370 C) was enhanced from 4

Research subject: The use of scrap tires to recover energy and their compounds is an effective way to protect the environment and recover energy and materials.Research approach: The aim of this research is to investigate the process of tire pyrolysis as well as the simultaneous pyrolysis (copyrolysis) process of tire and mazut. Here, the effect of different operating conditions such as temperature, volumetric nitrogen gas, heating rate and size of tire parts on the physical quantities and physical properties of the products manufactured by these processes have been investigated.Main results: The optimal operating conditions for these experiments are 420 C, the volumetric gas flow rate is 100 ml/min and the heating rate is 3 C/min. The volum

Novel bimetallic NiMo/Al2O3 nanocatalysts were fabricated via a solution combustion method to evaluate the role of fuel to oxidant molar ratios on their structural properties and hydrodesulfurization activity. The citric acid/oxidant ratios of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 were selected to address the optimum ratio. Characterization results demonstrated that the content of citric acid considerably influenced the morphological and textural properties of the nanocatalysts. Such morphology modification is attributed to the consequent difference of the effluent exhaust gas during combustion. We show that with our method a relatively homogeneous distribution of the active material over the support can be achieved. The obtained data from N2 adsorption–desorp

In this study, the S–M direct interaction and π-complexation mechanisms for selective adsorption of 4, 6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4, 6-DMDBT) onto the prepared mono-functionalized nickel/γ-alumina (Ni/γ–Al 2 O 3) and bi-functionalized nickel/cerium/commercial γ-alumina (Ce–Ni/γ–Al 2 O 3) were investigated. To characterize the prepared adsorbents, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, N 2 adsorption–desorption, and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH 3-TPD) were used. The influence of nickel–cerium contents, 4, 6-DMDBT and competitive aromatic concentrations on the adsorptive desulfurization performance were also studied. The equilibrium and kinetic data were well describe

Liquefaction during earthquakes can result in severe damage to structures, primarily from excess pore water pressure generation and subsoil softening. Deep Soil Mixing (DSM) is a common method of soil improvement and is also used to decrease shear stress in liquefiable soils to control liquefaction. The current study evaluated the effect of Deep Soil Mixing (DSM) columns and implementation of different column patterns on controlling liquefaction and decreasing settlement of shallow foundations. A series of shaking table physical modelling tests were conducted for three different distribution patterns of Deep Soil Mixing (DSM) columns (i.e.: square, triangular and single) with a treatment area ratio of 30%. The treatment was applied to a liq